<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Eustressed]]></title><description><![CDATA[Eustressed explores how the right kind of stress can sharpen focus, unlock flow, and help us do our best work, without burning out.]]></description><link>https://articles.eustressed.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mk_D!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a3b39f-d4d1-479f-beeb-111ffbe06820_1280x1280.png</url><title>Eustressed</title><link>https://articles.eustressed.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 14:08:27 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://articles.eustressed.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[David Markley]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[eustressed@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[eustressed@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[David Markley]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[David Markley]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[eustressed@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[eustressed@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[David Markley]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Choosing Responsibility]]></title><description><![CDATA[A Lesson in Eustress]]></description><link>https://articles.eustressed.com/p/choosing-responsibility</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://articles.eustressed.com/p/choosing-responsibility</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Zach Markley]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2026 22:29:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2be856bd-dce7-4f53-87f4-2132fe1340e3_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I didn&#8217;t join a fraternity because it felt comfortable.<br>I joined because it didn&#8217;t.</p><p>Stepping into that environment meant choosing social pressure I wasn&#8217;t accustomed to before college: meeting new people quickly, speaking up, and navigating expectations instead of staying on the sidelines while I balanced college courses. Later, when I took on our &#8220;Vice President of Finance&#8221; position, that pressure became real: uncomfortable conversations, accountability, and follow-through with fraternity members on a consistent basis.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://articles.eustressed.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Eustressed! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><strong>This wasn&#8217;t distress. It was chosen stress, and it changed how I think about growth</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><p>Joining a fraternity was my first intentional step outside of my comfort zone. It meant entering a social environment where participation mattered, presence mattered, and disengagement wasn&#8217;t invisible. There were moments where it would have been easier to stay quiet, blend in, or avoid responsibility altogether.</p><p>But that discomfort carried energy rather than dread. It pushed me to adapt.</p><p>At the time, I didn&#8217;t have language for it. Looking back, I recognize it as eustress: the kind of stress that challenges you without overwhelming you, and stretches you without breaking you.</p><h3>When pressure turns into responsibility</h3><p>Eventually, I took on the role of the fraternity&#8217;s Vice President of Finance. That&#8217;s when pressure stopped being abstract.</p><p>On the duties of Fraternal Finances: Outstanding dues had accumulated to over <strong>$25,000</strong>.  This wasn&#8217;t just a number on a spreadsheet. It represented obligations, fairness, and the long-term stability of the organization. Ignoring it and hitting status quo would have been easy. Delegating it to policies and void-minded reminders would have been simpler.</p><p>But neither would have solved the real problem.</p><p>So I chose a harder path.</p><h3>The stress of direct conversation</h3><p>Reducing that debt meant talking to people directly, sometimes repeatedly. It meant initiating conversations that were awkward, uncomfortable, and easy to put off.</p><p>It required:</p><ul><li><p>approaching people instead of waiting for them</p></li><li><p>being clear without being confrontational</p></li><li><p>listening before insisting</p></li><li><p>balancing empathy with accountability</p></li></ul><p>This wasn&#8217;t the stress of urgency or panic. It was the slower, heavier pressure of responsibility: the kind that demands composure and follow-through rather than intensity.</p><p>Over time, the number came down.<br>From <strong>$25,000 to $16,000</strong>.</p><p>Not because of clever accounting tricks, but because of consistent, human effort.</p><h3>Why this was eustress</h3><p>None of this felt easy. But it also never felt destructive.</p><p>The pressure was:</p><ul><li><p><strong>chosen</strong>, not imposed</p></li><li><p><strong>meaningful</strong>, not performative</p></li><li><p><strong>aligned with a real goal</strong>, not ego</p></li></ul><p>That&#8217;s the difference between eustress and distress.</p><p>Distress and lack of action from pondering drains energy.<br>Eustress demands effort, but sharpens judgment.</p><p>This experience forced me to learn how systems actually work: not just financial systems, but social ones. It taught me that responsibility often arrives as discomfort first, and competence later.</p><h3>Growth doesn&#8217;t always look dramatic</h3><p>We tend to associate growth with visible struggle: late nights, exhaustion, intensity, spectacle. But some of the most formative stress is quiet.</p><p>It&#8217;s the pressure of:</p><ul><li><p>showing up consistently</p></li><li><p>having difficult conversations without dramatizing them</p></li><li><p>being accountable when no one is watching</p></li><li><p>take on the negative comments thrown your way</p></li></ul><p>That kind of stress doesn&#8217;t look impressive on social media, but it builds something more durable than appearance: reliability.</p><h3>Choosing stress on purpose</h3><p>Joining the fraternity was a choice.<br>Taking on the financial role was a choice.<br>Having those conversations was a choice.</p><p>None of them were painless, but each one was constructive.</p><p>That&#8217;s the idea behind eustress.</p><p>You don&#8217;t grow in avoidance.<br>And you don&#8217;t grow by chasing suffering.</p><p>You grow by choosing responsibility that stretches you without breaking you.</p><h3>A Stoic way of looking at it</h3><p>Marcus Aurelius wrote that we shouldn&#8217;t complain about the weight of responsibility, but recognize it as the work placed before us. Epictetus taught that character is revealed not in comfort, but in how we respond to difficulty.</p><p>Looking back, that&#8217;s what this experience was really about.</p><p>The stress wasn&#8217;t something to escape. It was a signal: a chance to practice judgment, restraint, and courage in a real setting with real consequences.</p><p>That&#8217;s the kind of stress worth choosing.</p><p>Not because it feels good in the moment,<br>but because it builds the kind of strength that lasts.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://articles.eustressed.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Eustressed! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Book Notes: Grit]]></title><description><![CDATA[Passion, Perseverance, and Pressure]]></description><link>https://articles.eustressed.com/p/book-notes-grit</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://articles.eustressed.com/p/book-notes-grit</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[David Markley]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 07 Feb 2026 07:30:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b567ee02-489f-41df-aa88-f72a6b7afe8e_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg" width="132" height="199.14450867052022" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:522,&quot;width&quot;:346,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:132,&quot;bytes&quot;:52785,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance" title="Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81lZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb0b579b4-5745-4f9b-a330-857e3bd42538_346x522.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Angela Duckworth, Grit (2016)</figcaption></figure></div><p>We are told that success comes down to talent, discipline, or luck.<br>Angela Duckworth&#8217;s <em>Grit</em> suggests something quieter&#8230; and harder.</p><p><em>Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance</em> is often summarized as a book about &#8220;trying harder.&#8221; That description misses the point. <em>Grit</em> is really about <strong>how people relate to effort over time</strong>: how sustained engagement with difficulty shapes performance, identity, and growth. Read through the lens of <em>eustress</em>, Duckworth&#8217;s work becomes especially instructive.</p><p>Not all pressure breaks us. Some pressure builds us.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Effort as the multiplier</h2><p>One of Duckworth&#8217;s most cited ideas is her simple but provocative framework:</p><blockquote><p>Talent &#215; Effort = Skill<br>Skill &#215; Effort = Achievement</p></blockquote><p>Effort appears twice. Not because talent doesn&#8217;t matter, but because <strong>effort is the factor we repeatedly engage with stress</strong>.</p><p>This is where eustress enters the picture. Effort doesn&#8217;t happen in the absence of pressure. It happens <em>because</em> of it. The right level of challenge (clear goals, meaningful stakes, and manageable difficulty) creates the conditions where effort becomes sustainable rather than exhausting.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Passion and long-term pressure</h2><p>Duckworth defines grit as the combination of passion and perseverance over long periods of time. That combination matters.</p><p>Short bursts of stress can be motivating. Long-term pressure without meaning becomes distress. But <strong>pressure in service of something you care about</strong> is different. It sharpens focus. It encourages persistence. It makes difficulty feel purposeful rather than punitive.</p><p>This is a recurring theme in eustress.<br><br>The same external demand can feel energizing or debilitating depending on how it&#8217;s framed, chosen, and managed.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Deliberate practice and constructive stress</h2><p>Much of <em>Grit</em> draws from research on deliberate practice: focused, effortful work designed to improve performance. Deliberate practice is not comfortable. It requires feedback, repetition, and attention to errors.</p><p>But it also requires <strong>the right kind of stress</strong>.</p><p>Too little pressure and practice stagnates.<br>Too much pressure and practice collapses into anxiety or avoidance.<br>Between those extremes is eustress: challenge that stretches without overwhelming.</p><p>Duckworth&#8217;s examples&#8212;from athletes to musicians to students&#8212;illustrate this balance repeatedly, even if the term eustress is never used explicitly.</p><div><hr></div><h2>A necessary caveat</h2><p><em>Grit</em> has been criticized, often rightly, for underemphasizing structural factors like access, privilege, and opportunity. Perseverance alone does not guarantee success, and not all obstacles are equally surmountable.</p><p>Still, within those constraints, Duckworth offers something valuable: a way to think about <strong>how effort interacts with pressure</strong>, and how resilience is built through repeated, intentional engagement with difficulty.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Why <em>Grit</em> belongs in Eustressed</h2><p>Read carefully, <em>Grit</em> is not a celebration of suffering. It&#8217;s an argument for <strong>meaningful struggle: </strong>for choosing challenges that are hard enough to matter, but not so hard that they destroy motivation.</p><p>That&#8217;s the heart of eustress.</p><p>Pressure is not the enemy.<br>Unchosen, unmanaged pressure is.</p><div><hr></div><h2>If you want to read the book</h2><p><em>Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate, Eustressed earns from qualifying purchases.</em></p><p>You can find <em>Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance</em> by Angela Duckworth here:<br>&#128073; <strong><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1501111108?tag=cruxt-20">Grit on Amazon</a></strong></p><div><hr></div><h2>Related reading on Eustressed</h2><ul><li><p><strong>On Eustress</strong> &#8212; Why the right kind of stress builds strength</p></li><li><p><strong>Stress vs. Distress</strong> &#8212; When pressure helps and when it harms</p></li><li><p><strong>Choosing Your Stress</strong> &#8212; Designing challenges that lead to growth</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://articles.eustressed.com/p/book-notes-grit?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Eustressed! This post is public so feel free to share it.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://articles.eustressed.com/p/book-notes-grit?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://articles.eustressed.com/p/book-notes-grit?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[On Eustress]]></title><description><![CDATA[We are told, constantly, that stress is the enemy.]]></description><link>https://articles.eustressed.com/p/on-eustress</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://articles.eustressed.com/p/on-eustress</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[David Markley]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 07 Feb 2026 07:25:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ddf3eed-c93b-4b24-925e-08f57a32bb9f_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That the goal is to eliminate it, reduce it, manage it away. That a good life is a low-stress life. And that if we feel pressure, tension, or discomfort, something has gone wrong.</p><p>But that story is incomplete.</p><p>Without stress, nothing grows. Muscles weaken. Skills stagnate. Curiosity fades. Systems; biological, mental, creative; require pressure to adapt. The absence of stress is not health. It is inertia.</p><p>The problem is not stress itself.<br>The problem is <strong>unchosen, mismanaged, and meaningless stress</strong>.</p><p>There is another kind.</p><p>Eustress is constructive stress. It is pressure that sharpens rather than erodes. It is the strain that comes from pursuing something worthwhile. The challenge that demands more of us and, in doing so, expands our capacity.</p><p>Eustress is not about pain for its own sake. It is not grind culture, burnout, or constant urgency. It is not suffering framed as virtue.</p><p>Eustress is intentional.</p><p>It comes from choosing challenges instead of avoiding them. From accepting that growth; physical, mental, emotional; requires effort, resistance, and risk. From understanding that comfort is not the same as well-being.</p><p>The same stressor can either build us or break us.<br>The difference is how it is perceived, prepared for, and integrated.</p><p>When stress is aligned with purpose, it becomes energizing.<br>When it is bounded and meaningful, it becomes motivating.<br>When it is chosen, it becomes empowering.</p><p>This is true in training and sport. It is true in learning and work. It is true in creativity, relationships, and life design.</p><p>To be eustressed is to be engaged. To be stretched, but not shattered. To feel the tension of effort alongside the clarity of direction.</p><p>We reject the false choice between avoidance and overload.<br>We reject the idea that the only options are comfort or collapse.</p><p>Instead, we choose our stress.</p><p>We choose challenges that matter. We choose pressure that teaches. We choose difficulty that leaves us stronger on the other side.</p><p>Eustressed is not a destination.<br>It is a posture.</p><p>A way of relating to effort, discomfort, and growth.<br>A reminder that the goal is not to eliminate stress, but to make it meaningful.</p><p>Not all stress is negative.<br>Some of it is how we become who we are capable of being.</p><div><hr></div><p>This essay was shaped through long-running conversations with <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Nate Markley&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:350605061,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/042c8036-2080-4f7b-a20d-73e890ff2229_2268x2268.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;427b1138-f38a-4141-a85b-030ce25d3937&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> and <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Zach Markley&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:350605076,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f207381-3797-470d-ae69-03af499854f3_2054x2054.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;ed1dd7e8-128b-4e7e-bddc-5797212e5c1d&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>, whose perspectives on physical training, discipline, and chosen challenge helped refine the ideas here.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://articles.eustressed.com/p/on-eustress?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Eustressed! This post is public so feel free to share it.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://articles.eustressed.com/p/on-eustress?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://articles.eustressed.com/p/on-eustress?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://articles.eustressed.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Eustressed! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>